IMPACT OF MINING ON TRIBAL LIVELIHOOD AND ENVIRONMENT IN ODISHA: A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO MAHASWETA DEVI’S CHOTTI MUNDA AND HIS ARROW

Abstract

The contradictory reality connected with India's post-Independence development pattern has persisted even in the era of globalisation. Development of the core at the expense of the periphery. Marzinalized Tribal people, who were brutally exploited by British colonisers and native Zamindars, Moneylenders in recent history, are now suffering atrocities in which their livelihoods, homes, and belongings are being stolen in the name of development. Pushing them into further underdevelopment. It should be highlighted that Indian democracy and ideals of progress were a given by the elites rather than being gained via the battles undertaken by the masses. In terms of development planning and design, it was the elites that established the patterns of development that were executed at the grassroots level.