ORGANOIDS IN DRUG DISCOVERY AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE

Abstract

The utilization of the organoids has become a paradigm shift in drug research and personalisation of medicine system because these bioproducts depict the human organs features in their structural and functional properties profoundly. Organoids may be derived either as pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs), allowing modeling of disease, drug screens and testing therapeutics in a physiologically relevant manner. Their self-organizing properties into 3D structures offer a unique advantage over conventional 2D cultures and an animal model, namely in the reconstitution of cell heterogeneity, and organ specific functions. This review has been able to outline the methods of organoid formation such as isolation of cells, embeding of cell in extracellular matrix and differentiation along the lineage. It discusses how organoids can be used to recreate different diseases, such as cancers (colorectal cancer, pancreatic and breast), genetic disorder (cystic fibrosis) and infectious disease (COVID-19 and Zika virus).