VESTIBULAR SYSTEM DISORDERS: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract

The vestibular system is a complex sensory system include some parts of the central and peripheral nervous system example the inner ear, brainstem, cerebellum, ocular system, and postural muscles, for maintaining balance, spatial orientation, and visual stability. The peripheral vestibular system, located inside the inner ear, work to analyse head motion and forces, transmitting this information to the brain for processing. Vestibular dysfunction occurs when there is some abnormality, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, poor gaze stabilization, impaired balance, and postural instability. Secondary issues may include neck and shoulder muscle abnormality, reduced range of motion, fatigue, and headaches. Common conditions linked to vestibular dysfunction such as Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, and vestibular migraine. Clinical presentation depends based on the severity and location of the lesion. With appropriate evaluation—including thorough history and vestibular testing—combined with rehabilitation, many patients can be cured, though full restoration of function to pre-injury levels is uncommon.