GENETIC DIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY: TRENDS AND APPROACHES

Abstract

Genetic diversity is a foundational component of biodiversity, playing a critical role in the adaptability and survival of species in the face of environmental change. Conservation biology increasingly recognizes the importance of maintaining genetic variability to ensure the resilience of ecosystems and the continued provision of ecological services. This review explores contemporary trends and approaches in the conservation of genetic diversity, including in situ and ex situ strategies, population genetics tools, and molecular techniques such as DNA barcoding and genomic sequencing. The integration of landscape genetics and conservation genomics has enhanced our understanding of gene flow, population structure, and evolutionary processes. Moreover, the application of community-based conservation models and policy frameworks supports more inclusive and sustainable practices. This paper also discusses the challenges associated with habitat fragmentation, climate change, and anthropogenic pressures, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary and adaptive management approaches. Ultimately, preserving genetic diversity is essential for the long-term success of conservation efforts and for safeguarding the evolutionary potential of species.