MARINE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: TRENDS AND POLICIES

Abstract

Marine biodiversity forms the foundation of ocean ecosystems, supporting a wide range of ecological functions and providing essential services to human societies. However, the rapid degradation of marine habitats, overexploitation of resources, pollution, and the intensifying effects of climate change have led to a significant decline in marine species and ecosystem health. This paper explores the evolving trends in marine biodiversity conservation, emphasizing the role of international agreements, marine protected areas (MPAs), ecosystem-based management, and community-led conservation practices. The review critically examines the effectiveness of current conservation policies and highlights the need for adaptive governance, stronger enforcement mechanisms, and enhanced global cooperation. Furthermore, the integration of scientific innovation, such as genetic monitoring and satellite-based tracking, into conservation planning is discussed as a way to improve decision-making and policy outcomes. The study concludes by underscoring the urgency of cohesive, inclusive, and science-informed policies to safeguard marine biodiversity for future generations.