STRESS, ANXIETY AND LEARNING BRAIN

Abstract

Stress and anxiety profoundly influence how the brain learns by shaping attention, memory, and executive functions. While moderate stress can sharpen focus and enhance encoding of emotionally salient information, chronic or excessive stress impairs neuroplasticity, disrupts hippocampal and prefrontal functioning, and undermines academic performance. Anxiety further compromises learning through attentional control deficits, reduced working memory, and heightened rumination, leading to poor problem-solving and reduced concentration. This chapter explores the neurobiological mechanisms linking stress and anxiety to the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex, and examines their effects on encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Educational and clinical strategies—including mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral interventions, physical activity, and supportive environments—are discussed as effective approaches to buffer learners against the adverse effects of stress and anxiety.