WETLAND AS A POTENTIAL RENEWABLE WEALTH OF NORTH BENGAL

Abstract

Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing vital ecological and economic services. North Bengal, located at the foothills of the eastern Himalayas, harbors a rich diversity of wetlands—both open and closed floodplain systems—formed by the dynamic hydrology of the Ganga and Brahmaputra basins. These wetlands sustain extensive biodiversity, including macrophytes, fish, amphibians, and migratory birds, and support local livelihoods through fisheries, agriculture, and eco-tourism. Despite their immense potential, only a small fraction of India’s wetland area is utilized for aquatic productivity. Studies reveal that North Bengal’s wetlands, with favorable physico-chemical conditions and nutrient-rich soils, can significantly enhance fish and crop yields through scientific management and community participation. Examples like Rasik Beel and Gajoldoba demonstrate ecological and economic value, yet face challenges by encroachment, pollution, and unregulated resource use. Strategic wetland rejuvenation through sustainable practices, weed management, and integration of traditional knowledge with modern conservation efforts can transform these under-utilized ecosystems into renewable natural wealth. Therefore, the wetlands of North Bengal represent not only ecological sanctuaries but also sustainable assets for regional biodiversity conservation, livelihood enhancement, and climate resilience.