AN ANALYSIS OF THE LINK BETWEEN INDIA'S RISING POLLUTION LEVELS AND THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN ENGLAND

Abstract

The British 1st Industrial revolution commenced in the 1750s and persisted until the 1840s. The advancement of science and technology enhances the efficiency of agricultural, textile, and commodity production. The development of machines requires more energy. Only the coal which can meet the required energy in that time, so the mining of coal was enhanced in England and some other country including India. In the last quarter of eighteenth-century Englishman’s found coal in India and it was popularized with in first quarter of nineteenth century. Though the quality of Indian coal was not like the British coal but still the continuous requirement of external energy helped to increase the productivity of coal in India. During that period, several sorts of factories, including those involved in raw textile production, transportation, and mineral extraction, were established in India. The coal productivity in India experienced a significant increase, rising from 147 tons to 7,604 tons between the years 1814 and 1827. Furthermore, by the year 1920, the annual coal production reached a remarkable 18 million tonnes. The combustion of coal resulted in the emission of well-known air pollutants and greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx), ammonia (NH4), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter. The amount of CO2 was increase but in slow way up to the year 1900. The global mean temperature was undulated during 1750 to 1900 after that the teperature gows continously. The mining activity, which involved the use of machinery and contributed to the rapid expansion of the economy, served as the catalyst for the significant increase in air pollutants, particularly greenhouse gases, which played a significant role in global warming. The article presents limited empirical evidence and charts. By analyzing this data, we may demonstrate a correlation between the British 1st Industrial Revolution and the subsequent rise in CO2 emissions, which is the primary driver of global warming and subsequent climate change..