CURRENT TRENDS OVER BREAKING BARRIERS IN DIABETES FROM LAB TO LIFE: THE ARTIFICIAL PANCREAS MEETS ORGAN-ON-CHIP INNOVATION

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was for the ASP development for those populations, who require intensive insulin treatment to be needed in situations in which blood glucose goes rapidly out of control, such as during steroid treatments, transplantation, or chemotherapy. Clinical evidence demonstrates that APS significantly improves time in range (TIR) and reduces time below range (TBR), outperforming conventional therapies. Major devices like the Medtronic Minimed 670G and Tandem Control-IQ are now FDA-approved and widely adopted, offering improved glycemic outcomes and quality of life for patients. Emerging APS applications extend beyond T1DM to populations with type 2 diabetes and pregnant women, addressing broader diabetes care challenges. This review highlights the transformative potential of APS in reducing disease burden, improving outcomes, and advancing personalized diabetes care. Continued innovation in dual-hormone systems, adaptive algorithms, and expanded indications promise further breakthroughs in diabetes management. Advances in technology such as closed-loop APSs have allowed patients with T1DM to have better glycemic control and improved quality of life. The evolution of APS, SAPs to HCL to dual-hormone models. Control algorithms such as PID and MPC moreover from this systems, enabling real-time glucose management with enhanced accuracy and safety. APS could be of great help to T2DM patients. The dual-hormone closed-loop systems. Auto-mode usage was as low as 51.2% to 80.8% in the above real-world studies compared to 87.2% in the previous pivotal trial. Clinical evidence for single hormone closed-loop systems. Numerous studies demonstrate superiority of glycemic control by APSs over those offered by conventional treatment.