EXPLORING SKIN CANCER TYPES AND STAGES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Skin cancer, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), are the most common cancer worldwide, presenting a public health challenge with rising incidence rates. While advancements in understanding and managing skin cancer have improved, gaps remain, particularly in identifying high-risk groups, understanding tumor progression, and treating advanced cases. Current staging, such as by the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer), emphasizes tumor thickness and lymph node involvement but has limitations in outcome prediction. Molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies have enhanced melanoma survival, though BCC and SCC advancements lag. This review examines skin cancer types, risk factors, staging, and recent progress in diagnostics, immunotherapy, and personalized medicine to identify research gaps and future trends in prevention and treatment.