ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN INDIA THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Abstract

This chapter explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming English Language Teaching (ELT) in India’s diverse socio-linguistic context. English is a global lingua franca and an essential skill for academic and professional growth. However, Indian learners often face challenges like poorly equipped classrooms, limited opportunities to hear and speak English, and anxiety about communication. Using a mixed-methods review of existing literature, this study highlights current uses of AI in ELT—such as adaptive learning systems, grammar and translation tools, and speech recognition interfaces—that offer scalable, personalized, and culturally suitable solutions. Based on theories of learner autonomy, self-regulation, and multimodal pedagogy, the chapter examines how AI can enhance speaking, writing, reading, and assessment while also increasing learner engagement and meta-cognitive awareness. The discussion also considers the impact of digital inequality—especially between urban and rural institutions—alongside issues of institutional readiness and ethics. It argues that while AI can help make ELT more inclusive, its effective use in India depends on context-sensitive, equity-focused strategies. The chapter emphasizes the value of learner-generated content and self-directed learning. The chapter concludes that AI should not replace traditional teaching but act as a supportive and empowering tool. Tackling digital gaps, recognizing diverse accents, and addressing data privacy are crucial for long-term success. By viewing AI as both a technological and teaching innovation, this chapter provides a thoughtful roadmap for educators, policymakers, and developers aiming to improve ELT in one of the world’s most linguistically rich yet educationally divided regions.