SOCIETY, FAMILY AND VALUES OF ANCIENT INDIA: AN OVERVIEW

Abstract

The society, family structure and value system of ancient India were deeply rooted in religion, morality, and collective responsibility. Drawing from sources such as the Manusmriti, Yajnavalkya Smriti, Mahabharata, Milind Pancho, Vatsayana’s Kamasutra, and Patanjali, this study explores the evolution of social life during the Maurya, after the Maurya and pre-Gupta periods and also during the Gupta periods. The analysis highlights the patriarchal and joint family system, property rights, types of marriage, and the moral ideals that guided everyday living. It also reveals the interplay between social practices (polygamy, early marriage, ancestor worship) and the ethical values of duty, hospitality, and self-discipline. The findings suggest that while ancient Indian family life was hierarchical and male-dominated, it fostered a unique cohesion through rituals, shared property, and a strong value-based education system. These ancient traditions provide meaningful insights for understanding the weakening moral fabric of contemporary society.