GURU–ŚIṢYA PARAMPARĀ: ETERNAL BOND OF LEARNING AND ENLIGHTENMENT IN THE INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

Abstract

The Guru–ŚiṣyaParamparā—the sacred teacher–student relationship—forms the cornerstone of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS). It is not merely an educational model but a holistic framework of life-long learning rooted in values, discipline, and mutual respect. This tradition transcends formal instruction to cultivate wisdom (jnana), character (sanskara), and purpose (dharma) in both teacher and student. Unlike modern transactional education, the Guru–Śiṣya bond emphasizes inner transformation over information transmission. This chapter explores the philosophical foundations, pedagogical practices, and socio-spiritual significance of this system as reflected in ancient scriptures such as the Vedas, Upanishads, and Mahabharata. It further examines its relevance for contemporary education, highlighting how the values of mentorship, personalized learning, and character formation can rejuvenate modern pedagogical approaches. The chapter concludes by proposing a framework for integrating Guru–Śiṣya principles into today’s academic institutions in alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.