INCORPORATING ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN THE MODERN INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

Abstract

Environmental awareness refers to an informed understanding of the relationship between human activities and the natural environment, along with an acknowledgment of the responsibility to reduce adverse impacts for the well-being of future generations. To be environmentally aware is not only to recognize the consequences of human actions on nature but also to actively adopt responsible behaviors that contribute to environmental protection. Environmental Education (EE) is a structured educational process aimed at developing awareness, knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and skills necessary for environmental conservation. It also promotes critical thinking and problem-solving abilities that are essential for sustainable development. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 underscores the importance of integrating environmental education within the Indian education system, with a focus on sustainability, holistic development, and critical thinking. Environmental education is embedded across primary, secondary, and higher education levels rather than being treated as an independent subject. The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) emphasizes the integration of environmental concepts across disciplines such as science, social sciences, and languages. This qualitative study is based on data collected from both primary and secondary sources. It examines the manner in which environmental education is incorporated into curricula at different stages of education in contemporary India. The study also analyzes existing policies, initiatives, challenges, and possible strategies to strengthen environmental awareness among students, with the objective of nurturing environmentally responsible citizens in a rapidly developing nation.