THE PARADIGM OF INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS (IKS): A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF AYURVEDA

Abstract

Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) represent a holistic and integrative tradition of knowledge that encompasses philosophy, science, medicine, ecology, and spirituality. Among its many disciplines, Ayurveda stands as one of the most systematic and enduring medical traditions, emphasizing prevention, balance, and harmony between the body, mind, and environment. This chapter examines the key philosophical pillars of IKS with special reference to Ayurveda, highlighting foundational concepts such as interconnectedness, holistic health, pluralistic epistemology, and ecological ethics. It further explores the theoretical framework of Ayurveda, including Panchamahabhuta, the Tridosha system, Saptadhatu, and Trimala, which together provide a comprehensive understanding of human physiology and pathology. The historical evolution of Ayurvedic knowledge and the contributions of classical texts such as the Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya are discussed to illustrate the depth of ancient Indian medical science. The chapter also analyzes Ayurvedic clinical methodology, including diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches, along with the modern revival and global integration of Ayurveda. The study concludes that Ayurveda offers valuable insights for contemporary healthcare by promoting preventive, personalized, and sustainable models of health and well-being.