CONCEPT AND SCOPE OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Abstract

Psychopathology is the study of mental disorders, abnormal thoughts, emotions and actions within psychological, biological and social contexts. Derived from the Greek words psyche (soul), pathos (suffering)and logos (study). It aims to understand the causes and classification of psychological diseases. Abnormal behaviour is commonly assessed using the Four D’s framework: deviance, distress, dysfunction and danger which helps identify clinical importance from normal variation. Different theoretical perspectives contribute to its understanding including psychodynamic, cognitive, hierarchical and animal-behavioural models. Standardized classification systems such as the DSM and ICD offer structured diagnostic criteria for clinical and research purposes worldwide. Psychopathology combines scientific and humanistic perspective, emphasizing patient-centred holistic care. In medical science and physiotherapy, it is essential for recognizing the interaction between mental and physical health especially in chronic illness and rehabilitation. Hence supporting integrated and comprehensive patient management.