EATING DISORDERS AND BODY IMAGE: CLINICAL PHYSIOTHERAPY PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Eating disorders and body image disturbances are complex psycho-physiological conditions that affect adolescents, adults, and athletic populations, significantly impairing physical health, psychological well-being, and daily functioning. This study examines the classification, etiology, and clinical manifestations of eating disorders, with particular emphasis on anorexia nervosa and related conditions. A narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, epidemiological data, and clinical guidelines published between 2008 and 2025 was conducted to explore current knowledge and treatment strategies. The findings indicate that eating disorders result from an interaction of psychological vulnerabilities, biological factors, and socio-cultural pressures, leading to severe physiological consequences such as reduced bone density, cardiovascular instability, and metabolic dysfunction. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates medical care, nutritional rehabilitation, psychological therapy, and structured physical activity interventions. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in rehabilitation by addressing musculoskeletal weakness, correcting maladaptive exercise patterns, enhancing functional capacity, and promoting safe return-to-activity pathways. Such interventions are particularly important for athletes affected by Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S), ensuring sustainable recovery and long-term health outcomes.