STIGMA, DISCRIMINATION AND MENTAL HEALTH AWARENESS

Abstract

Despite advances in research and policy, mental health stigma remains deeply embedded in social and institutional structures. This chapter examines stigma, discrimination, self-stigma, and help-seeking through theoretical perspectives, including Erving Goffman’s concept of “spoiled identity,” intersectionality proposed by Crenshaw, and contemporary models of labelling and attribution. It explains how stereotypes generate blame, social distancing, and status loss, which manifest in everyday exclusion as well as institutional inequalities across healthcare, education, and employment systems- concerns also highlighted by the World Health Organization. The discussion situates these processes within the Indian context, where gender norms, caste dynamics, family honour, and structural service gaps shape experiences of stigma and access to care. It further explores how public stigma becomes internalised, affecting identity, hope, and treatment adherence. The chapter concludes by emphasising culturally responsive, rights-based, and structurally informed strategies to promote equitable and inclusive mental health systems.