ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: PATHWAYS TOWARD FOOD SECURITY AND RESILIENCE

Abstract

Agriculture is undergoing a profound transformation as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics converge to address global challenges of food security, sustainability and labour shortages. With the world population projected to reach 10 billion by 2050, traditional farming practices are insufficient to meet rising demands. This article explores the role of AI and robotics in precision farming, disease detection, yield prediction, and resource optimization. It highlights how autonomous systems—such as robotic harvesters and crop monitors—are reshaping agricultural practices while addressing environmental pressures. Barriers including high implementation costs, data reliability, and ethical concerns are critically examined. Future directions emphasize affordable technologies, Explainable AI (XAI), and multi-robot collaboration as essential for building resilient agricultural ecosystems.