IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF NEP-2020 IN INDIA

Abstract

This paper critically analyzes the multifaceted implementation challenges of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in India. Introduced to transform India's education system, NEP 2020 is built upon core objectives of access, equity, quality, affordability, and accountability.1 Despite its ambitious and transformative vision, the policy faces significant obstacles. These include persistent financial constraints and substantial funding gaps, critical deficits in both physical and digital infrastructure, severe human resource challenges related to teacher training and shortages, the pervasive digital divide, complex administrative and governance hurdles, and considerable socio-cultural and linguistic resistance.1 The differential impacts of these challenges on key stakeholders—students, educators, parents, and institutions—are examined, underscoring the necessity of strategic, integrated interventions for the successful realization of the policy's ambitious goals.