EVOLVING LIFE TABLES: MODIFICATIONS AND ADVANCES

Abstract

Life tables are fundamental statistical tools used to analyze mortality patterns, survival probabilities, and life expectancy across populations. Over time, life table methodology has evolved from simple descriptive models to advanced analytical frameworks. The objective of this study is to review the historical development, types, construction methods, and modern advancements in life table analysis. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach by synthesizing existing demographic literature, methodological models, and recent empirical studies related to mortality estimation and life table modifications. The findings highlight that modern life table techniques significantly improve mortality estimation accuracy, handle sparse and heterogeneous data, and enhance forecasting capabilities. The study also demonstrates the growing relevance of modified life table methods in subnational demographic analysis in India.