PERSONALITY DISORDERS : TYPES AND CLINICAL FEATURES

Abstract

Personality encompasses consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions that influence how people view and engage with the world. Although personality traits are typically adaptable and flexible, personality disorders (PDs) reflect inflexible, maladaptive, and widespread patterns that lead to considerable distress and functional difficulties. DSM-5 categorizes personality disorders into three clusters: Cluster A (odd/eccentric), Cluster B (dramatic/emotional), and Cluster C (anxious/fearful). Global prevalence ranging from 6–12%, with increased rates observed in clinical groups. Causing factors involve hereditary, ecological, and growth-related influences. Clinical features encompass disruptions in thinking, emotional control, conduct, and social interactions. Differential diagnosis is crucial for differentiating PDs from mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders. Diagnosis is based onstandardized instruments, and DSM-5 guidelines.