A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF VEDIC MATHEMATICS FOCUSING ON HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES AND EDUCATIONAL IMPACT

Abstract

This systematic review examines the historical foundations, computational techniques, and educational impact of Vedic Mathematics through an analysis of available scholarly literature. The review shows that Vedic Mathematics, as presented through sixteen sutras and thirteen sub-sutras, was formally introduced in the twentieth century by Bharati Krishna Tirthaji rather than directly derived from extant Vedic texts. Historical evidence instead places early Indian mathematical ideas within ritual, geometrical, and astronomical traditions such as the Saṁhitās, Brāhmaṇas, Śulbasūtras, and VedāṅgaJyotiṣa. The review further indicates that Vedic Mathematics offers structured techniques for rapid calculation in arithmetic and elementary algebra, often improving computational speed and sometimes accuracy. Studies also suggest positive effects on student engagement, confidence, and reduction of mathematics anxiety. However, the evidence remains limited by small samples, short interventions, and insufficient long-term research. Therefore, further systematic and longitudinal studies are necessary to evaluate its sustained educational effectiveness. Future research may also explore its potential integration with contemporary mathematics pedagogy and curriculum design.