FEDERALISM IN SHIFT: CONSTITUTIONAL SETUP, JUDICIAL DYNAMICS, AND CURRENT ISSUES

Abstract

This chapter, “Federalism in Shift: Constitutional Setup, Judicial Dynamics, and Current Issues”, explains how federalism works today. It starts with the history of federalism and how different societies have divided power between central and regional governments. It throws light on the different aspects, such as the origins of ideas of federalism and their long-term evolution, which were shaped not only by politics and legal traditions. The heart of the chapter analyses the judicial frameworks that sustain federal systems. It explains the role of constitutions in defining and distributing powers, creating mechanisms for cooperation and conflict resolution, and empowering courts to interpret the limits of authority. The chapter focuses on their steady advancement in response to social, economic, and political pressures. Through this view, federalism appears as an adaptable system—one that can both preserve solidarity and acknowledge diversity. The chapter also looks at the main challenges federal systems face today. It discusses how issues such as globalisation, economic interdependence, environmental problems, and health crises have forced federal governments to change. Using real examples from different countries, the chapter shows how these governments try new solutions or sometimes struggle with cross-border concerns. The chapter highlights the values supporting federalism. It explains the role of these principles in creating fair and inclusive societies. The chapter also examines the capacity of federal systems to support justice, participation, and social unity during rapid shifts. Finally, the chapter offers suggestions that legal and constitutional debates should adopt a broader view and should include ethical and spiritual ideas. Federalism can be more effective than mere rule-setting if the dignity and welfare of people are integrated into law. It can become a living system that helps people thrive and live together peacefully. The chapter proposes an analytical and critical overview of the past and an insightful vision for the future, encouraging readers to see federalism as more than a legal system and instead as a dynamic, humane way to govern in a connected world.