EVOLVING LEADERSHIP PARADIGMS: A 21ST-CENTURY PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Leadership in the 21st century is undergoing profound transformations, driven by globalization, technological advancements, and evolving societal values. This chapter explores the evolution from traditional hierarchical leadership models to adaptive, collaborative, and inclusive approaches better suited to modern complexities. It examines classical theories, such as Trait, Behavioural, and Contingency, highlighting their limitations in addressing today’s challenges, and introduces contemporary paradigms like transformational, servant, and authentic leadership. Emerging trends, including adaptive leadership, digital leadership, and inclusivity, underscore the importance of agility, diversity, and ethical responsibility. The role of technology is pivotal, reshaping leadership through digital transformation, remote and hybrid work models, and AI-driven decision-making. Leaders must embrace these changes while balancing innovation with human-centric practices. This chapter emphasizes the necessity for adaptable, ethical, and tech-savvy leadership to navigate a rapidly changing global landscape and calls for continued exploration of leadership development to meet future challenges.