THE EFFECT OF NUTRITION ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND BRAIN HEALTH

Abstract

Nutrition plays a fundamental role in maintaining and enhancing cognitive function and overall brain health across the lifespan. Emerging evidence suggests that specific nutrients, dietary patterns, and food bioactives influence neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and the prevention of cognitive decline. Essential fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals contribute to the integrity of neuronal membranes, synaptic function, and neurotransmitter regulation. Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats—such as the Mediterranean and DASH diets—have been associated with improved memory, attention, and reduced risk of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. Conversely, high intake of processed foods, saturated fats, and added sugars has been linked to impaired cognitive performance and increased inflammation. This review examines current findings on the interplay between nutrition and brain function, highlighting both the protective and risk factors associated with dietary choices. Understanding these relationships offers valuable insights for developing nutritional strategies aimed at preserving cognitive health and enhancing mental performance.