AIM OF EDUCATION: FROM INTELLIGENCE THEORIES TO LIFE-READY LEARNING

Abstract

Building on UNESCO’s “Education 2030” agenda, this chapter argues that education must aim to actively transform societies through a comprehensive, holistic, and universally inclusive vision. Two interlocking pillars frame this vision. The first is holistic education, which harmonizes intellectual, emotional, physical, social, aesthetic, and spiritual growth, guided by principles of balance, inclusion, and connectedness. The second pillar is cultivation of life skills that equip learners to navigate complex psychosocial demands, for example, manage stress, think critically and creatively, communicate effectively, and demonstrate resilience and empathy in daily life. The chapter undertakes a comparative analysis of educational practices worldwide, with particular emphasis on India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It examines how the NEP operationalizes psychological insights—intelligence theories, holistic development, and life skill frameworks—within curriculum design, pedagogy, and assessment. Finally, the chapter aims to present a roadmap for crafting innovative, context-responsive curricula that not only honors local learner needs but also prepares them to engage meaningfully with global sustainability goals. In doing so, it offers a roadmap for educators and policymakers seeking to ensure that no learner is left behind in the collective pursuit of a more just, resilient, and creative future.