POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND HUMAN FLOURISHING IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

The 21st century has witnessed a paradigm shift in psychology, moving from an exclusive focus on mental illness and dysfunction to the study of strengths, virtues, and human flourishing. Spearheaded by the emergence of positive psychology, formally introduced by Martin Seligman in 1998, this approach emphasizes the conditions that enable individuals and communities to thrive. Human flourishing encompasses well-being, purpose, resilience, engagement, and meaningful relationships, reflecting optimal functioning beyond mere happiness or pleasure. Positive psychology integrates philosophical, psychological, and social perspectives, offering evidence-based frameworks such as the PERMA model and the VIA Classification of Strengths. Its applications span education, clinical practice, organizational development, and community interventions, promoting personal growth, resilience, and collective well-being. Contemporary research highlights the importance of culturally sensitive and context-specific interventions, as well as the integration of digital technologies to enhance accessibility and impact. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscores the relevance of positive psychology in fostering resilience, optimism, and social connectedness. By prioritizing strengths, ethical engagement, and systemic well-being, positive psychology provides practical strategies to cultivate meaningful, purposeful, and flourishing lives in complex, dynamic, and globalized contexts.