HUMAN-AI COLLABORATION IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS

Abstract

A body of work is emerging that focuses on human-AI collaboration in education, in the context of AI's changing role in teaching and learning, and changing roles of teachers and students. In the context of changing roles for teachers, students and technology platforms, there is a body of work that focuses on human-AI collaboration in education. This chapter provides a summary of recent research and reports focused on the complementary nature of humans and AI systems on personalized learning, personalized instructional design, personalized assessment, and personalized learning activities. The chapter starts with a framing of human-AI interaction as a complementary scenario, where AI is used to complement and enhance the human capacities, and where the human capacities are used to judge, empathize, and to exercise an ethical oversight for AI. The chapter is based on peer-reviewed studies between 2022 and 2025. It then explores three areas of use: Adaptive and personalized learning systems, Teacher-AI interaction in teaching and feedback, and Student-AI interaction in learning and creative activities. The chapter outlines benefits and drawbacks that have been documented — such as efficiency, more responsive feedback, and a greater opportunity for personalized teaching — as well as the remaining challenges, including algorithmic bias, overreliance, loss of trust, the creation of fake citations, and the socio-emotional limitations of current systems. To facilitate the responsible use of AI in educational practice, a synthesized framework is proposed, which is organized around transparency, teacher agency, learner metacognition and institutional support. The chapter is the final conclusion that there are considerable opportunities for human-AI collaboration in the education sector, but that these opportunities can only be realized through careful pedagogical design, continuous teacher development, and measures to ensure that human judgment is central for decisions that have an impact on the students.